Binaural beats were used in 15 studies (88.25%), whereas isochronic tones were used only in two studies (11.76%). These studies were fully read and critically analyzed. From that, 17 studies obtained a score of three points or more on the Jadad scale. The remaining studies were analyzed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews, resulting in 33 randomized, controlled clinical trials that were then evaluated by the Jadad scale. The literature review was conducted using PUBMED, MEDLINE, LILLACS, and SCIENCE DIRECT online platforms using the search words: “audio brain entrainment,” “auditory beat stimulation, ” “binaural beats,” “brainwave entrainment (BWE),” and “isochronic tones.” The search yielded 674 studies, of which 49 were in duplicate, and 592 were out of the scope of this review, and, therefore, were excluded from the study. Prolonged audio stimuli in repetitive and synchronized manner may induce changes in brain waves patterns and, consequently, modulating neurophysiological, and behavioral responses. Data from the scientific literature suggest the existence of a promising therapeutic potential in neurology and psychophysiology due to their influence on specific frequencies of brain waves and their implications for mental health and homeostasis of brain neurotransmitters. This systematic review is dedicated to deepening the study of two phenomena: binaural beats and isochronic tones. Future studies should examine the topic of dosage and lasting effect concerning binaural beats stimulation to access the full breadth of their effectiveness on attention and working memory networks. Because this is a novel topic, deductive reasoning was applied to render results. Playing binaural beats stimulation during the cognitive task alone may index their effect. Timing of binaural beats stimulation should be applied either before or before and during any proposed cognitive task. Carrier tones should be played at a frequency that is comfortable and perceivable (90 and 440 Hz). Further, longer exposure correlates with an increased effect. Forty Hertz binaural beats are the most effective for increasing focus and attention, however the methodology applied is significantly connected with results, where the minimum dosage needs to be at least nine minutes. A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA method, where 23 peer-reviewed studies were examined relating to binaural beats stimulation specifically for the purposes of assessing attention and memory networks. The objective of this research was to determine the overall efficacy, lasting effect, and dosage needed of binaural beats stimulation for the purposes of increasing focus and working memory. The resulting tone can stimulate certain brain areas and either increase or decrease their functioning. When two slightly different tones are played simultaneously in each our brains synchronize the two into one tone. Our meta-analysis adds to the growing evidence that binaural-beat exposure is an effective way to affect cognition over and above reducing anxiety levels and the perception of pain without prior training, and that the direction and the magnitude of the effect depends upon the frequency used, time under exposure, and the moment in which the exposure takes place.Binaural beats have been hypothesized as a potential tool for creating cognitive stimulation for over a hundred years (Peterson, J. Time under exposure contributed significantly to the model indicating that longer periods are advisable to ensure maximum effectiveness. Moreover, the findings suggest that binaural-beat exposure before, and before and during the task produces superior results than exposure during the task. Meta-regression results indicated that it does not seem to be necessary to mask binaural beats with white noise or pink noise in terms of effectiveness, obtaining similar effects with unmasked binaural beats. The results, based on 35 effect sizes, showed an overall medium, significant, consistent effect size (g = 0.45). Twenty-two studies met our inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. The objective of this meta-analysis was to study the effect of binaural beats on memory, attention, anxiety, and analgesia. It has been suggested that binaural beats can influence cognition and mental states among others. Binaural auditory beats are a perceptual phenomenon that occurs when presenting separately to each ear two tones that slightly differ in their frequency.
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